SLC, MLC, TLC, QLC

SLC (Single-level cell)

1 bit of data per cell

Fastest writing speed

Longest service life (P/E Cycle is approximately 50,000 to 100,000)

MLC (Multi-level cell)

2 bits of data per cell

Writing speed < SLC

Average service life (P/E Cycle is approximately 3,000 to 10,000)

TLC (Triple-level cell)

3 bits of data per cell

Writing speed < MLC

Has less than half of MLC’s service life (P/E Cycle is approximately 500 to 1,000)

QLC (Quad-level cell)

4 bits of data per cell

Slowest writing speed

Shortest service life, currently under development






2D NAND vs 3D NAND















2D and 3D NAND Technology Roadmap







2007- BiCS(Bit Cost Scalable)技術(包含多堆疊柵極層結構)被提出
2009年,金屬柵極三維NAND閃存技術(TCAT)被提出來

下面是四大NAND廠商的3D-TLC產品。

Micron B0KB 3D TLC 384Gb。

Toshiba 3D BiCS2 TLC 256Gb

SK Hynix 3D-v3 TLC 256Gb

Samsung 3D-v2 TLC 256Gb


3D-TLC存儲密度大,但是相比MLC,出錯率更高,必須要有更高效、糾錯能力更強的技術支持,這就是LDPC(Low Density Parity Check Code,低密度奇偶校驗碼)



ref:
https://www.techporn.ph/tlc-is-becoming-the-mainstream-for-ssd-in-the-consumer-market/
https://www.pcper.com/news/Storage/Transcend-run-MLC-Flash-SLC-Mode-SuperMLC-Speed-Boost

https://semiengineering.com/nand-market-hits-speed-bump/

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